Biological patents and biopiracy.

Until several hundred years ago, ownership and protection has precisely been granted to objects of a physical or concrete nature, such as a piece of land or a building. However, people began to feel the need to protect and receive credit for their introductions and other products of their intellectual capacity. This desire is the driving force for the study of intellectual property rights. Traditionally, intellectual property rights defend the creations of the capitulum such as literary or artistic works, designs and symbols (WIPO). In the past 20 years, a nonher item has been selected to be defend under intellectual property rights: genes and other biological materials. The salutary prominent type of intellectual property utilize in protection of biological material is patents. In assemble to be eligible for a patent, the invention must satisfy the tether criteria of novelty, utility program and non-obviousness (WIPO). The requirement of novelty means that the invention has not been available to the public, through printed publications or commercial sales, or has not applied for a preliminary patent (Patent Basics). Anything that indicates the previous humankind of the invention, or anything similar to it, is termed prior art (Patent Basics). The train of utility indicates that the invention must have a using up (WIPO).

The nett prerequisite of non-obviousness specifies that a person with ordinary expertness in the art would not be likely to devise the kindred invention, even whaping all there was to know in the prior art. (Patent Basic). Modern inheritabl e engineering practices and query requires ! large amounts of ancestral material and organisms, especially in the surface area of agricultural development. Corporations and other private entities began to scout for new organisms and genetic material to make water down their practices and as well as profits. The term biodiversity prospecting, or bioprospecting, is used to describe this activity. According... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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